The lacrimal gland is an almondshaped, eccrine secretory gland for tear production. Acute swelling is caused by a bacterial or viral infection such as mumps, epsteinbarr virus, gonococcus and staphylococcus. Lacrimal histopathology and ocular surface disease in a. It is part of the lacrimal apparatus and is responsible for tear production. Anatomy and histology of the canine and feline eye. To develop a nomenclature for the lacrimal duct system in the rabbit, based on the anatomic and structural characteristics of each duct segment, and to provide rtpcr and immunofluorescence data to support the notion that the duct system plays important roles in lacrimal function. One gland, the lacrimal gland lg, lies in the posterior aspect of the orbit, and its duct opens onto the medial aspect of the posterior eyelid. The lacrimal canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal. The effect of buddleja officinalis maxim eye drops on. Posterior chamber bounded anteriorly by iris, posteriorly by lens capsule and anterior vitreous face. By light microscopy, the glands of experimental and control rabbits were indistinguishable. Be sure to have a description of your rabbits food and general environment to.
Pdf the rabbit lacrimal gland in vitamin a deficiency. A 360 conjunctival incision is made 23 mm posterior to the limbus and extended posteriorly, bluntly dissecting the conjunctiva and tenons capsule from the globe. July 29, 20 elisabetta mancinelli in the first of a twopart feature on rabbit eyes, explains this organs makeup and capabilities, ready for part twos focus on common diseases the eye is a very complex and delicate organ, composed of many parts that. In rodents, for example, the extraorbital lacrimal gland is found under the skin on the lateral side of the face near the ear. There are several lacrimal glands lacrimal gland proper, accessory lacrimal gland, and the gland of the nictitating membrane located within the rabbit orbit. Two further lacrimal glands are present within the orbit of the eye. Most physiological studies have used glands from either the mouse, rat, or rabbit to examine the control and mechanisms of secretion by this. Ocular anatomy and variations in laboratory animals. Lacrimal gland is an important part of the lacrimal apparatus the lacrimal system that plays an essential role in maintaining the normal anatomy of the eye.
The lacrimal gland is lodged in the lacrimal fossa, on the medial side of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone it is of an oval form, about the size and shape of an almond, and consists of two portions. Tear production after unilateral removal of the main. In the adult rabbit, however, there appear to be either two 9 or three 10 lacrimal glands. Role of lacrimal gland in tear production in different animal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of buddleja officinalis maxim eye drops on morphology and apoptosis in lacrimal glands of the experimental dry eye rabbit model. In the rabbit, the gland is located within the orbit but is relatively easy to remove and is larger in size. To promote further progress in this field of vision research, the second international conference on the lacrimal gland, tear film and dry eye syndromes. A lacrimal gland is a lacrimal gland, but rodents and. Samples of lacrimal gland including palpebral lobes and orbital lobes were taken in autopsies, and the. Anterior chamber bounded by cornea anteriorly and iris and anterior lens surface posteriorly. This gland is about the size of an almond, and sits within the lacrimal fossa, located in the superior and outer edge of the orbital roof. Lacrimal gland, tear film, and dry eye syndromes 2 basic.
In most species, the maximum amount of tears is secreted from the dorsal lacrimal gland carrington et al. Feb 23, 2014 everything you want to know about eye allergies. The goal of surgery is to replace the protruding or prolapsed gland, prevent further protrusion, maintain mobility of the nictitans, and preserve glandular tissue. Embryology osteology secretory system excretory system 4. Nervous system of rabbit with diagram chordata zoology. May 11, 2020 lacrimal gland is an important part of the lacrimal apparatus the lacrimal system that plays an essential role in maintaining the normal anatomy of the eye. These are the small palpebral portion that lies closer to the eye, and the orbital portion that forms around four ducts. The lacrimal apparatus is the physiological system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. Surgical treatment of prolapse of the deep lacrimal gland. A to c anatomy of the lacrimal glands and the orbit of the rabbit. The lacrimal system diagnosis, management, and surgery by adam j. Think of that menu as a roadmap to this full guide.
The praeocular tear filmptfthe praeocular tear filmptf covers the cornea and conj. The parasympathetic nerve fibres of the sacral region unite to form a pelvic ganglia on each side and the nerve fibres from this ganglion supply to the bladder, kidney, rectum. Jul 14, 2017 human lacrimal gland is organized into a three dimensional structure that is well adapted for its secretory function. A lacrimal gland was also observed posteriorly in the orbit of the rabbit.
These lacrimal secretions are commonly known as tears. There was significant difference between right and left side in dog at level p cancer. Ultrasonography of the harderian gland in the rabbit, guinea. A total of thirtysix male rabbits were divided into six study groups, consisting of the control group and the dry eye rabbit model group without any treatment, the dry eye rabbit model group treated. The comparative anatomic and physiological study of primary lacrimal glands raises a number of important questions the answers to which can provide.
Each punctum is a small, round, or transversely oval aperture situated on a slight elevation. Basic science and clinical relevance was held at the southampton princess resort in bermuda november 1619, 1996. The lacrimal gland is located within the orbit above the lateral end of the eye. To more closely mimic this configuration, lacrimal gland acinar cells from rabbit have been cultured in a microgravity bioreactor to form lacrimal spheroids. This gland is common to most tetrapods, and thus, the fetal rabbit condition is not unique.
The lacrimal nerve then enters the lacrimal gland and gives off many filaments that supply sensory innervation to the gland and the conjunctiva. In dogs, the conjunctival accessory lacrimal glands appear to contribute little to the aqueous portion of the tear film. Development of the lacrimal apparatus in the rabbit. Histological study of lacrimal glands in rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus article pdf available in research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences 609758585. The trochlear nerve sends a branch to the superior oblique muscle. The nld first appears as an incomplete primordium in the subcutaneous region of the primordial eyelid and subsequently elongates to reach the naris. Sep 28, 2017 a quick video on lacrimal gland anatomy created for a university masters course. The gland is divided into two sections anatomically. To see other pages, use the menu on the side of your screen. The lacrimal gland lies in the superolateral aspect of the orbit.
In dog the weight of the lacrimal gland in right was 1. The other three are developmentally and anatomically distinct glands situated in the anterior aspect of the orbit. It continually releases fluid which cleanses and protects the eyes surface as it lubricates and moistens it. Jost u, kuhnel w, schimassek h 1974 a morphological and biochemical analysis of the harderian gland in the rabbit. The third eyelid crosses the cornea to protect it and keep the eye moist, due to the lacrimal glands harderian glands associated with it. Jack j kanskis clinical ophthalmology clinical anatomy of the eye by richard s. Knowledge of its special anatomy and size allows ultrasonographic imaging of the harderian gland. Electron microscopy showed little effect of vitamin a deficiency on the lacrimal acini. The condition resolved completely after appropriate nasolacrimal duct flushes. Its origin is at the rim of the optic foramen directly below the superior rectus figs. The lacrimal gland consists of an orbital lobe figs. Histological study of lacrimal glands in rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus abstarct lacrimal glands lgs are an important part of the lacrimal apparatus that plays an essential role in eye health.
Dacryocystitis infection of the lacrimal sac, usually caused by a block lacrimal duct tooth roots impinge on nasolacrimal duct digestive disorders not eating enough fibre can in itself cause gastric problems. Branch of oculomotor nerve courses inferiorly to lateral rectus to supply lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland proper is a curved aggregation of small glandular lobes, located in the caudodorsal area of the orbit. Nasolacrimal and lacrimal apparatus eye diseases and. Opening music sequencestar wars opening theme by john williams. Rabbits are able to resist blinking for long intervals because they have a very stable tear film. The lacrimal gland and its veil of tears physiology.
At least five neurotransmitter receptors and three different second message systems are invol. The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by welldeveloped myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma. A lacrimal gland is a lacrimal gland, but rodentas and rabbitas are not human. Rabbits blink only 10 to 12 times per hour, but the third eyelid assists the upper and lower lids in keeping the eye clean. This is likely due to the contribution of a lipid contribution from the prominent hardarian gland. To study the effects of induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis on lacrimal gland function, histopathology, and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model. Allergies affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and oculareye allergy affects approximately one in five people worldwide. The tear drainage system consists of two lacrimal puncta except in the rabbit and pig, which have only one punctum, two canaliculi, the lacrimal sac within the bony lacrimal fossa, and the long and often tortuous lacrimal duct to empty tears within the forward nasal cavity. The parasympathetic fibres from the vii and x cranial nerves supply to the lacrimal gland, salivary gland, lungs, heart, liver and different parts of alimentary canal. Pdf histological study of lacrimal glands in rabbits. Diagnosis of nasal duct blockage in rabbits once you notice the signs of a blocked nasal duct in your rabbit, schedule an appointment for a complete examination, including an oral exam. A new rabbit model of chronic dry eye disease induced by complete surgical dacryoadenectomy robert honkanen a, wei huanga,b, liqun huangc,d.
The lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the human eye. Surgical treatment of prolapse of the deep lacrimal gland in. It then pierces the palpebral ligament also known as the orbital septum and ends by supplying the lateral part of the upper eyelid. Injection of radiopaque dye dilute iohexol into the nasolacrimal punctum to show the normal anatomy arrows. Pdf characterization of immortalized rabbit lacrimal.
The secretory cells of the lacrimal gland produce a highly complex product of water, ions and proteins. To establish an immortalized lacrimal gland epithelial cell line, the orbital lacrimal glands of normal new zealand white rabbits were multiply injected with an immortalizing amphotropic retroviral vector lxsn16e6e7 containing the e6 and e7 genes. A new rabbit model of chronic dry eye disease induced by. A lacrimal gland is a lacrimal gland, but rodents and rabbit. There was significant difference between right and left side in dog at level p aug 20, 2015 anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus 1. Protein secreted by the lacrimal gland was analyzed using gel filtration chromatography and electrophoresis.
Abstract research into the physiological processes gov erning both normal and abnormal functions of the lacrimal gland has used animal models to provide insights that might be applied to improving our understanding of human disease. You will find some basic information about this disease and the parts of the body it may affect. Chronic swelling could be due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders such as thyroid eye disorder, sarcoidosis and orbital pseudotumor. The anatomy and histology of the normal rabbit eye with. Just enough conjunctiva should be left attached posterior to the limbus for grasping with a forceps, to facilitate. Tear production after unilateral removal of the main lacrimal. The harderian gland in the rabbit produces lipids, especially in the pink lobe. The orbital part superior lacrimal gland is connected to the periosteum of the orbit by a few fibrous bands, and rests upon the tendons of the recti superioris and. The anatomy and innervation of lacrimal glands springerlink. Anatomy and histopathology of the human lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini. Gross anatomy the lacrimal gland is roughly almondsized and located anteriorly in the superolateral.
One lacrimal gland was surgically excised from each experimental rabbit, and epithelial cells were purified, cultured, irradiated, and then cocultured with autologous peripheral. A quick video on lacrimal gland anatomy created for a university masters course. It is located in the superolateral aspect of the orbit, abutting the superior rectus and lateral rectus muscles fig. Other structures constituting the lacrimal apparatus include the lacrimal sac approximately 12 mm long, nasolacrimal duct which is about 18 mm in length and the lacrimal canaliculi. The comparative anatomic and physiological study of primary lacrimal glands raises a number of important questions the answers to which can provide insight into lacrimal gland function and dysfunction. Cryosections of lg were stained with cresyl violet, and acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells were isolated from each duct segment by laser capture microdissection lcm.